The integer quantum Hall effect (QHE) and one-dimensional Andersonlocalization (AL) are limiting special cases of a more general phenomenon,directed localization (DL), predicted to occur in disordered one-dimensionalwave guides called "quantum railroads" (QRR). Here we explain the surprisingresults of recent measurements by Kang et al. [Nature 403, 59 (2000)] ofelectron transfer between edges of two-dimensional electron systems andidentify experimental evidence of QRR's in the general, but until now entirelytheoretical, DL regime that unifies the QHE and AL. We propose directexperimental tests of our theory.
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